Correlation between the interauricular septum diseases and cryptogenic ischemic stroke on double source CT / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the association and difference between patent foramen ovale(PFO), atrial septal aneurysm(ASA), atrial septal defect(ASD) in normal controls and cryptogenic ischemic stroke(CS) in youth diagnosed by double source CT.Methods A total of 168 CS patients and 180 controls matched age and gender were included in the present study.The two groups were diagnosed by double source CT and clinical materials.The incident rate of PFO, ASA, ASD, the degrees of PFO, ASD,the lengths of PFO and difference between CS in two groups were analysed.Results The incident rates of PFO, ASA, ASD were 40.6%,10.7%,6.5% and 15.6%,3.3%,2.2% in CS groups and controls respectively(P0.001).Conclusion PFO,ASA and ASD are important to CS.While PFO,ASA and ASD can accurately be diagnosed by double source CT.

Análisis de costo-efectividad de estrategias alternativas en el manejo de pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular criptogénico y foramen oval permeable / Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Alternative Strategies for the Management of Patients with Cryptogenic Stroke and Patent Foramen Ovale / Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Alternative Strategies for the Management of Patients with Cryptogenic Stroke and Patent Foramen Ovale

Antecedentes El foramen oval permeable (FOP) se ha asociado con el accidente cerebrovascular criptogénico (ACVC). El mejor tratamiento para evitar la recidiva en pacientes con ACVC y FOP es controversial. No existen datos de costo-utilidad en nuestra región para el manejo de estos pacientes. Objetivos Construir un modelo de decisión para el manejo de pacientes con ACVC y FOP y establecer la relación costo-utilidad de tres estrategias alternativas. Material y métodos Se realizó un análisis de costo-utilidad basado en un árbol de decisión con un horizonte temporal de 4 años considerando tres estrategias: aspirina (AAS), anticoagulación (ACO) o cierre percutáneo del FOP con dispositivo. Los beneficios se expresaron en QALYs. Se fijó un umbral de pago de $28.000 argentinos y se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad. Resultados En comparación con la AAS, la anticoagulación fue más costosa ($1.315 adicionales) y generó menos beneficios (QALY incremental -0,063). El cierre con dispositivo comparado con el tratamiento con AAS costaría $89.876 adicionales por QALY ganado. Dicho monto supera el umbral de pago predeterminado. Luego del análisis de sensibilidad, la AAS se mantuvo como la estrategia con mejor relación costo-utilidad, salvo cuando la probabilidad de recidiva con esta droga aumenta al 35%, en donde la anticoagulación presenta una tasa de costo-utilidad incremental de $1.356/QALY. Conclusión De acuerdo con este modelo, para pacientes con ACVC y FOP, la AAS sería la estrategia con mejor relación costo-utilidad en nuestro medio, salvo cuando la probabilidad de eventos se eleva sustancialmente, en cuyo caso sería apropiado el uso de anticoagulantes.

Background Patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been associated with cryp-togenic stroke (CS). There are still some controversies about the best treatment to prevent recurrences in patients with CS and PFO. Our region lacks cost-utility analysis of the management of these patients. Objectives To construct a decision model for the management of patients with CS and PFO and to establish the cost-utility ratio of three alternative strategies. Material and Methods We conducted a cost-utility analysis based on a decision tree with a time horizon of 4 years considering three strategies: aspirin (ASA), anticoagulants (AC) or percutaneous device closure of the PFO. The benefits were expressed in QALYs. A payment threshold of ARS $28,000 was established and a sensitivity analysis was performed. Results Anticoagulants were more expensive compared to ASA (additional cost of ARS $1,315) and produced less benefits (incremental (QALY -0.063). Percutaneous device closure had an additional cost of ARS $89,876 per QALY gained compared to ASA. This cost exceeds the predetermined payment threshold. After performing the sensitivity analysis, ASA remained as the strategy with the best cost-utility ratio; however, when the probability of recurrences with this drug increases to 35%, anticoagulants present an incremental cost-utility ratio of ARS $1.356/QALY. Conclusion According to this model, in patients with CS and PFO, ASA would be the strategy with the best cost-utility ratio in our environment unless recurrences develop; in this case the use of anticoagulants would be more appropriate.

Acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico em paciente portadora de forâmen oval patente: relato de caso / Ischemic stroke in patient carrier of patent foramen oval: case report

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O embolismo através do forâmen oval patente (FOP) é bem conhecido e parece ser o principal mecanismo envolvido em pacientes jovens com acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico (AVEi). Este estudo teve como objetivo demonstrar que o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento adequado a cada caso são essenciais na redução de possíveis morbidades relacionadas à presença do FOP. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 26 anos, branca, jornalista, natural de Colatina, ES. Sem antecedentes patológicos significativos, iniciou em maio de 2005 quadro de hiperestesia na face flexora do antebraço e da mão esquerda, associada à hemiparesia desproporcionada incompleta esquerda de predomínio braquial, de caráter progressivo. A investigação final firmou o diagnóstico de AVEi correlacionado com a presença de FOP. A paciente foi submetida ao fechamento percutâneo do FOP com prótese Amplatzer Cribifrom n35 e orientada a utilizar ácido acetilsalisílico (AAS) e clopidogrel de forma contínua. CONCLUSÃO: O diagnóstico pôde ser feito através de exames capazes de evidenciar a patência do forâmen oval, como o ecocardiograma transesofágico e o Doppler transcraniano, associados aos métodos diagnósticos de eventos isquêmicos cerebrais. O tratamento ainda é controverso sem evidência na literatura da melhor terapêutica clínica - se anticoagulante ou antiagregante - nem sobre o melhor tratamento invasivo, se cirúrgico ou fechamento percutâneo.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The embolism through the patent foramen oval (FOP) is well known and seems to be the main mechanism involved in young patients with AVEI. This paper aims to demonstrate that early diagnosis and more appropriate treatment in each case are essential in the morbidity reduction related to the possible presence of the FOP. CASE REPORT: Patient female, 26 years-old, white, journalist, a native of Colatina - ES. Without significant previously healthy, began in May 2005 featuring flexor hyperesthesia in the forearm and left hand, associated with left arm incomplete disproportionate dominance progressive hemiparesis. The research has the final diagnosis of ischemic stroke correlated with the presence of FOP. The patient was submitted to FOP percutaneous closure with Amplatzer Cribifrom n35 prosthetic and directed to use aspirin and clopidogrel continuously. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis can be done through examinations capable of demonstrating the foramen oval patency, as the transesophageal echocardiography and transcranial Doppler sonography, associated with ischemic stroke brain diagnostic methods. The treatment is still controversial, no evidence in the literature of better medical therapy - if anticoagulant or antiplatelet - not on the best invasive treatment, whether surgical or percutaneous closure.